All wire rope and cable is constructed from individual wires that are helically twisted into a strand. Most small commercial cables are made using a core at the center with a given number of strands helically wrapped around the core. Most cables are twisted around a core consisting of a solid wire, strand, or independent wire rope, and all cable is made using two or more strands as the basis of its construction. The number of wires in a strand and the number of strands in a cable are based on the final construction that is specified.
Cable is specified by the number of strands in the cable times (X) the number of wires in each strand. Commercial quality “aircraft grade” cables, the most commonly-specified type used in assemblies, are usually specified as 1X7, 1X19, 7X7, and 7X19. The most popularly specified strand is1X7 which consists of one straight center core wire with six additional wires helically wound around the core. This basic type of strand is then used to make other cable configurations.
Flexibility of the cable is a function of the number of wires in the cross-section, with 1X7 being the least flexible and 7X19 being a very flexible standard construction. Each cable application must be analyzed to determine the most suitable construction for its use.
All cables consist of individual wires, a center core, and outer strands as shown on this page. Most “aircraft grade” cables are made using preformed wires (excluding the center wire of a strand) and preformed strand. Preforming enables the cable to lay straight and reduces the tendency of the wires to unravel when the cable is mechanically cut.
1x7 Strand — Non-FlexibleSmall diameters of this configuration are used as fishing leaders and line. Larger diameters are used for guy wire and messenger strand applications.
1x19 Strand — Non-Flexible Typically used for push-pull and guying applications. Also used for standing rigging on sailboats.
7x7 Aircraft Grade Cable — Flexible For use where extreme flexibility is not necessary. Used in aircraft and automotive controls. Performs well in a wide range of mechanical applications.
7x19 Aircraft Grade Cable — Very Flexible Used in aircraft controls, running rigging on sailboats, strength training equipment, and garage doors. Used when flexibility and fatigue resistance are essential.
6x19 Class Wire Rope — Flexible Used extensively in the logging and oil industries as well as in lifting equipment for the construction industry.
6x37 Class Wire Rope — Very Flexible A true working wire rope. This type of construction finds extensive use in heavy-duty hoisting equipment such as cranes. Also used in power shovels, skidders, and excavators as well as logging and oil field applications.
